![]() ![]() The membrane can also show the pattern of the animal's vein network called the "veining" of the sheet. The hair follicles may be visible on the outer side, together with any scars from when the animal was alive. The "inside body side" of the skin is usually the lighter and more refined of the two. Once clear, the two sides of the skin are distinct: the body side and the hairy side. The skin is washed with water and lime ( Calcium hydroxide), then soaked in lime for several days to soften and remove the hair. It is made from the skin of a young animal. Vellum allows some light to pass through it. Manufacture A portolan chart (map) by Jacobo Russo (Giacomo Russo) of Messina (1533) ![]() In the usage of modern practitioners of the artistic crafts of writing, illuminating, lettering, and bookbinding, "vellum" is normally reserved for calfskin, while any other skin is called "parchment". įrench sources, closer to the original etymology, tend to define velin as from calf only, while the British Standards Institution defines parchment as made from the split skin of several species, and vellum from the unsplit skin. To-day the distinction, among collectors of manuscripts, is that vellum is a highly refined form of skin, parchment a cruder form, usually thick, harsh, less highly polished than vellum, but with no distinction between skin of calf, or sheep, or of goat. In 1519, William Horman could write in his Vulgaria: "That stouffe that we wrytte upon, and is made of beestis skynnes, is somtyme called parchement, somtyme velem, somtyme abortyve, somtyme membraan." Writing in 1936, Lee Ustick explained that: However, there has long been much blurring of the boundaries between these terms. The best quality, "uterine vellum", was said to be made from the skins of stillborn or unborn animals, although the term was also applied to fine quality skins made from young animals. Calf, sheep, and goat were all commonly used, and other animals, including pig, deer, donkey, horse, or camel were used on occasion. However, in Europe, from Roman times, the word was used for the best quality of prepared skin, regardless of the animal from which the hide was obtained. The word "vellum" is borrowed from Old French vélin 'calfskin', derived in turn from the Latin word vitulinum 'made from calf'. Terminology Quran from the 7th century written on vellum It is used for a variety of purposes including tracing, technical drawings, plans and blueprints. Modern "paper vellum" is made of synthetic plant material, and gets its name from its similar usage and high quality. Scratching the surface with pumice, and treating with lime or chalk to make it suitable for writing or printing ink can create a final look. To create tension, the process goes back and forth between scraping, wetting and drying. The making involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame (a "herse"), and scraping of the skin with a crescent-shaped knife (a "lunarium" or " lunellum"). Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there are great variations in its texture which are affected by the way it is made and the quality of the skin. ![]() : 9–10 It may be very hard to determine the animal species involved (let alone its age) without detailed scientific analysis. Modern scholars and experts often prefer to use the broader term "membrane", which avoids the need to draw a distinction between vellum and parchment. Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codices (books). It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin (rather than the skin of other animals), or simply by being of a higher quality. Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. ![]() Magna Carta, written in Latin on vellum, held at the British Library A vellum deed dated 1638, with pendent seal attached For other uses, see Vellum (disambiguation). ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |